Applicability
It applied to any premises where 10 or more workers are working and a manufacturing process is carried out with aid of power (20 if manufacture is without aid of power).
‘Manufacturing process’ means process of altering, repairing, ornamenting, finishing, packing, oiling, washing, cleaning, breaking up, demolishing or otherwise treating or adopting any article or substance. It also includes * pumping oil, water, sewage or any other substance * Generating, transforming or transmitting power * Composing, typing, printing * Constructing, repairing, breaking of ships or vessels * Preserving articles in cold storage

The object is to secure to workers health, safety, welfare, proper working hours and other benefits. Factories Act is enacted primarily with object to of protecting workers employed in factories against industrial and occupational hazards. – – The Act requires that workers should work in healthy and sanitary conditions and for that purpose it provides that precautions should be taken for safety of workers and prevention of accidents.
Occupier’ of a factory means the person who has ultimate control over the affairs of factory. It includes a partner in case of firm and director in case of a company. In case of Government company, ‘occupier’ need not be a director. In that case, person appointed to manage affairs of the factory shall be ‘occupier’